Influence of viscosity of hydraulic oil on system?

Influence of viscosity of hydraulic oil on system?

The impact of hydraulic oil viscosity on hydraulic system performance is primarily reflected in the following aspects, analyzed in conjunction with industry practices and standards:

I. Relationship Between Viscosity and System Efficiency

‌Energy Consumption and Resistance‌

Excessive viscosity increases fluid flow resistance, raising pump energy consumption by approximately 20%-30% and potentially causing localized overheating.

Too low viscosity (e.g., NAS7-grade oil) may reduce volumetric efficiency due to internal leakage, decreasing system efficiency by up to 20%-30%.

‌Temperature Sensitivity‌

Hydraulic oil viscosity decreases significantly with rising temperature (viscosity-temperature characteristics). Insufficient viscosity at high temperatures may exacerbate seal failure and leakage.

High viscosity index (VI) oils (e.g., VI > 120) can better maintain stable lubrication performance.

II. Impact of Viscosity on Equipment Lifespan

‌Wear Control‌

Appropriate viscosity (e.g., ISO VG32-46) forms a stable oil film, reducing metal-to-metal friction between pumps and valves.

Low viscosity leads to insufficient boundary lubrication, accelerating gear/bearing wear, while excessive viscosity may cause cavitation due to poor flow.

‌Cleanliness Synergy‌

Viscosity and cleanliness jointly affect system reliability. Contaminant particles are more likely to cause valve sticking or blockages in low-viscosity oils.

III. Engineering Selection Recommendations

‌Pressure Systems‌: Medium-low pressure systems can ignore minor viscosity changes with pressure, but high-pressure (>20MPa) systems require oils with strong shear stability.
‌Temperature Environments‌: High-temperature operations should prioritize high-VI hydraulic oils, while cold starts must consider pour point and low-temperature fluidity.

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