Naphtha, also known as chemical light oil or crude gasoline, is an alkane mixture processed from crude oil or other raw materials, with an average molecular weight of 114. It is flammable, explosive and volatile, with an explosion limit of 1.2% to 6.0%. It is a colorless, transparent or slightly yellow liquid with a special odor under normal temperature and pressure, insoluble in water, with a sulfur content of not more than 0.08% and a distillation range of about 30℃ to 180℃. It is mainly used as a raw material for chemical fertilizer production, ethylene production and catalytic reforming, as well as for producing solvent oil or serving as a blending component of gasoline products.
Experimental Purpose
In the petrochemical and trade fields, density, defined as mass per unit volume, is a key parameter for characterizing the physical properties of light oil and a core index for judging its purity and compliance with national/international standards. Density testing helps ensure product quality by quickly identifying issues such as uneven raw material mixing, unbalanced additive ratios or product adulteration; it facilitates the optimization of product production processes by guiding raw material screening, blending ratio design and process monitoring, thus improving production efficiency and product consistency; it also safeguards fairness and impartiality in international trade by determining the graded pricing, storage and transportation methods of oil products.
Experimental Apparatus
① SH102 Petroleum Product Density Tester (with refrigeration function)
② Auxiliary tools including sampler, thermometer, graduated cylinder, stirring rod, cleaning reagents, etc.
Experimental Procedures
1. Inspect the tester and auxiliary tools to ensure they are clean, dry and free of contamination, then connect the power supply.
2. Extract the sample in accordance with relevant standards, heat it to an appropriate temperature, and transfer it to a clean density measuring cylinder with stable temperature to avoid splashing that may form air bubbles in the sample.
3. Place the cylinder vertically into a constant temperature bath, stir the sample to ensure uniform temperature distribution, and record the temperature with an accuracy of 0.1℃.
4. Immerse the hydrometer into the liquid, observe the shape of the meniscus, and record the reading.
5. Take out the hydrometer, stir the sample again, and record the temperature with an accuracy of 0.1℃.
6. Correct the observed hydrometer reading and record the corrected value with an accuracy of 0.1℃.
7. Repeat the experiment 1 to 2 times.
Experimental Results
Through determination and analysis, the density of the tested naphtha is about 721.2kg/m³, which falls within the standard range of 650-750kg/m³, indicating compliance with the relevant standards.
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